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The common characteristics of the particular definitions on the notion of system which were described in the above-mentioned section allow us to issue a general definition of this notion, by also using the notions introduced in chapter 2, 3, 4, and 5.
Definition 9.4.3.1: The system is a complex abstract object which is characterized by invariant interdependence relations deployed between the components’ properties, both between its elements and between each element and the internal reference of the complex object.
Comment 9.4.3.1: The above-mentioned definition was foreshadowed since chapter 3, when the complex object has been presented, by also mentioning the necessity of an internal reference for the complex object, against which the external properties of the complex object’s components may be determined. There, we have seen that the constitutive objects have internal and external properties; the first ones do not interfere in the relations between objects, being confined in each object, but unlike them, the others (external properties) may be assessed against an external reference. In case of the complex object, the external reference for the elements belonging to the complex object is even its internal reference, against which the components’ external properties are established by means of invariant relations (for a specific complex object). This invariant collection of relations (which is named distribution, as we have previously found out) determines the internal order of the complex object, order which differentiates the system from the simple union of its constitutive objects.
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