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A MS is (according to the issues mentioned in chapter 3) an object, that is a collection of properties which are distributed on a single support domain (a finite interval belonging to 3D Euclidean space, limited by RBS of a MS), invariant42 distributions, defined (determined) against an inner reference system (RS).
The systemic organization principle postulates that in the domain of abiotic MS, any MS is a compound object (that is decomposable), the object’s components being also abiotic MS, but with other organization levels and with other support spatial domains (as a result of the division of the reference MS domain, by means of decomposition); these objects have specific inner RS which are related to the inner RS of the compound object, so on.
The spatial position (with quantitative values within its infinite existence domain - space) of a MS is a qualitative property, whose existential attribute is relative (determined by means of a relation) against an external RS, representing the inner RS position of a MS against the outer reference. The n-ranked variation of this position (motion process of MS) is also a property (derived from the first one) which is relative against the same outer RS. The spatial-temporal distribution of this motion property of MS is called flux; a state of this flux at a certain t moment43 is an Euler distribution (a vector field).
The inner motions of a MS are the position variations of its elements against an inner reference, variations which are maintained inside RBS of a MS (closed fluxes). As compared to an outer reference, the entire MS is moving only if its inner reference is moving. In this situation, (existence of a motion against an outer reference) we are dealing with two cases:
Position of the inner T reference of MS against the outer T reference is invariant; in this case, the inner translation motions of MS elements takes place so that the common component of all these motions is null (along the time interval when the position of the inner T reference is kept steady). In order to have a null common component, the inner T motions can be divided in two groups:
coherent but deployed on closed pathways (e.g.: circular, elliptical or oscillatory), in such case, the motion processes are periodical. The common T component of the inner motions is null if its computation interval is a multiplex, an integer of periods of any inner periodical process;
stochastic (non-periodic, but random as regards the velocity direction and modulus). As for this case, the outer T component is null if its computation is made for a temporal interval which is long enough so that the mean value of SEP directions to be null in that interval (scalarization of the motion SEP).
Position of the inner T reference is variable; in this case, the inner motions would have a common (coherent) component against the outer reference - motion of the inner reference - which shall be added (vectorial summarization) to the inner preexisting motions (it shall be evenly distributed on the set of the MS’s inner elements).
Definition 7.6.1.1: The qualitative property of „to move” owned by a MS (to have a velocity different from zero) against a RS is named the energy of a MS against that RS.
Comment 7.6.1.1: As I have also mentioned on other occasions, according to the present paper, any property of an object has two components: qualitative component, which is conjointly associated with the quantitative component (attribute quantity which is contained by the object). The above-mentioned definition is valid for the qualitative component of the energy property, otherwise speaking, if there are two bodies out of which one is moving against a common external RS and the other one is motionless, we know that the body which moves has energy (against that particular RS) and the steady body does not have energy, without being able (at least for the time being) to specify the amount of this property for the moving object. As it was pointed out at the third assertion, a distributed motion is a flux, therefore, a MS flux is inseparably related to the existence of the energy distributed on the MS set, and their energy is conjointly related to the existence of their motion. On the other hand, definition 7.6.1.1 clearly underlines the significance of the reference system against which the energy is evaluated (as any other property); as compared to an absolute reference, the energy of a MS is made-up from the energy of all the motion types of the material system which can be determined against such a reference. This fact also means that for any distinct motion type of a MS, we would be able to assign (merely formal) an energy type, although these energy types are only facets of the same property given by the definition 7.6.1.1. If there is also a common velocity (group velocity) of a compound MS, an energy related to that velocity exists as well, and it is distributed along all the elements of the MS (if the elements are identical, there will be an even distribution).
We have seen that any MS has a triad of material fluxes in its structure. But, the material flux means the motion of MS and their motion means energy. The energy necessary for maintaining the fluxes (energy demand) cannot be created “from nothing”, but it can be taken either from its storage zones (the energy of the stored fluxes inside MS at the moment of its formation), or from the outer open fluxes which are already found outside MS (the photon fluxes coming from the Sun and falling down on the Earth surface, thermal fluxes inside the planet, water fluxes (rivers, streams, tides), air fluxes (wind) so on.
The release processes of the energy stored inside MS means the conversion of a part from the inner fluxes (the external inactive ones been closed fluxes) into active open fluxes which are able to transfer their energy to other MS. This conversion takes place either at the atomic level by means of the chemical reactions, or at the nuclear level, by means of the nuclear reactions, or at the level of complementary equal-mass EP, through the annihilation reaction. Dissociation of a specific type of MS with a certain structure may be found at the basis of most of these processes, followed by the formation of other MS with a lower energy stock from its components. In chapter 3, we have discussed about the generating processes, stating that no attribute of an object can occur (which means that it must have a non-zero quantitative attribute) unless a specific generating process is produced. The energy of a MS is a property, so that it must also have its specific generating process.
AXIOM III (axiom of the energy source of a MS): The property of a MS to move (of having an external energy) is exclusively obtained through the action of a flux on MS (by taking over the energy from other MS which already own this property) and it is also lost as a result of an action (by transfer of this property to other MS).
Comment 7.6.1.2: Axiom III is founded under various forms to most of the materialistic philosophies (non-creationistic) and according to the current physics, it is also known as the principle of energy conservation. It tries to avoid some basic questions which have not been answered so far: If the energy cannot be generated from nothing, being possible only the redistribution of an already-existing energy, how did this energy (which is considered invariant in some conditions) occur? What is its generating process? Which is the reference system against which this constant energy stockpile can be evaluated?
Therefore, the energy of a MS is considered as an exclusively transmissible attribute, which means that, in case of a given object with an intact and stable inner structure, that particular attribute may be generated only from the outside, from other objects which already have it (outer fluxes) and which will be transmitted in a certain ratio to the driven object, if those fluxes cross through RBS of the object.
In the present paper, the energy transfer from one MS to another shall be named transaction. This term (minutely described in annex X.10) has the same semantic value (meaning) within the value fluxes field, as the word interaction within the field of energy or information fluxes. The bilateral transactions, as a property (attribute) exchange between two partners, require the existence of two situations (states) of the attribute amount owned by the two partners: 1) before the transaction, and 2) after the transaction. Let us presume that in the before situation (state), the two objects ObA and ObB have an inner distribution of the quantities eA1 and eB1 of the attribute E (energy). After the transaction (of the exchange, interaction process) completion, the two objects shall reach the quantities eA2 and eB2 of the energy attribute. Depending on the specific quantitative energy variation during the transaction, the energy stockpile of one of the two objects may be higher or lower than the initial one, after the transaction completion; if the energy stockpile is higher, this means that the transaction was favorable (constructive) for that object, and on the contrary, unfavorable (destructive). The principle of energy conservation (which shall be analyzed later on) states that if the two objects are considered to be isolated from other external actions and loss fluxes, the total energy (amount of the two energy values owned by the two objects) remains invariant. Because the transferred energy is carried by a flux from one object to another, the fluxes which have only the energy as their transported property (which concerns us and which shall be transmitted to the objects with whom the flux interacts) shall be named energy fluxes (EF).
Comment 7.6.1.3: Even if a flux carries a set of properties, only the transmissible qualitative attribute called motion (with its existential attribute44- that is velocity modulus) is relevant for EF. In case of a flux which carries more properties of some MS, we might say that this flux has always an energy component.
Based on the
assertion that the outer energy of a MS which was already formed and
in stable state may come from the outside only, the validity domain
of the energy conservation principle from the current physics may be
therefore estimated: The total energy amount of a set of material
objects may be conserved if only the set (system) is completely
isolated from external influences (fluxes) (which may extract
from, or supply energy to the system), and if the emergent fluxes
(losses through fields) from the set are null. A particular
likely case of energy conservation (but only of the energy stored in
the system) is represented by the systems where the input energy
fluxes are equal to the output ones (such as the perfect equilibrium
between system and external medium). Another additional specification
is required in this case, namely, only the inner energy of the
system is conserved and only during the existence of the equilibrium
state.
42 When we are referring to invariant distributions, they must be understood as distributions of specific attributes which can be invariant, flux distributions (such as for instance Euler distributions of the stationary fields, spatial distributions of the atomic orbitals etc.).
43 According to the objectual concepts, t moment is the inner reference of a temporal finite interval ∆t, interval with a size allowing the motion process, but at the same time, the inner distribution of the motion process density to be considered as uniform.
44 Attention! We are talking about the existential attribute of the motion and not of the energy
Copyright © 2006-2011 Aurel Rusu. All rights reserved.
